Day Four (counting the pre conference day), December 4, 2024.

We will update here during the day so please bookmark this page. Want to contribute? Contact jenna@aare.edu.au

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Shared Interests, Crossed Wires: China’s Imagined West and Its Impact on Sino-Australian Collaboration in Higher Education

This post is by Gloria, Guo Zhang, Monash University

“In an era, unprecedented human connectivity, we should care for and learn from our neighbours, Asia, particularly East Asia. This helps for Australia’s sustainable development.” Professor Yang Rui, Dean of The University of Hong Kong, advocated. He said that Australia will benefit from Australia-China collaboration in higher education. Chinese diasporas have the great potential to contribute significantly to Australia-China collaboration in higher education. 

He started by sharing his life journey from studying in Sydney in the 1990s, then moving across borders, in Australia, mainland China, and now in Hong Kong. He then shared how the West was perceived by Chinese academics. Since the late 19^th century, the ‘West’ has been deeply symbolic of progress, civilisation and modernity. Thus, the Chinese mind became anti-traditional with strong denial of their national and cultural traditions, though such change from rich Chinese traditions to Western system in the early 20^th century was more a matter of survival than of choice, as Lu and Hayhoe (2004) noticed. Both institutionally and ideologically, there was fundamental shift away from China’s long and rich traditions. Yet, Chinese intellectual traditions still exist, though in a more tacit way. 

Contradictions among cultures and subsequently anxieties among some scholarly are undeniably present. Professor Yang has often emphasised the idea of ‘affinity’ across cultures and values in his public talks. Speaking at the Comparative Education Society Hong Kong’s annual conference just a couple of weeks ago, he remarked that understanding difference in traditions is vital, but we also need a more empathetic grasp of our shared humanity, while appreciating our diversities. In today’s keynote, he shared why and how scholars from Australia and China can come together, fostering meaningful collaboration and scholarly engagement.

His speech showed how the West has been imagined by Chinese scholars and how such perception affects scholarly engagement and collaboration between the two countries. Australia is well placed to further build its strong connections with Chinese universities and researchers in a number of ways. 

Assessment Measurement – Breaking Free from Behaviourism: Challenging Deeply Engrained Ideologies in Mathematics Assessment

This blog is by Steven Kolber, University of Melbourne

Rebecca Burtenshaw explored the nature of mathematics assessment and the way that it tends to be tied to a range of problematic factors. Elitism, stereotypes, narrow visions of self and importantly a gatekeeping of future opportunities for many students. As we know that people behave in different ways in different environments – it’s worth considering the thinking that shapes the environment of mathematics assessment. 

As the exploration of ‘streaming’ of students by ability and skill sets is quite a contested topic, within Mathematics classrooms there seems to be, to my eyes, an assumption that classes of mathematics will be streamed. 

So we can see how the views, or rather the ingrained ideologies, that shape the mathematics classroom is important. 

A question from the previous session asked about the transfer of findings around assessment within mathematics might be to other subjects. Rebecca made it clear that this was the goal of her session.

So what is success? 

It’s used widely across research – but there’s not a lot of agreement on what it means. 

In mathematics, the impression of teachers having choices and agency is perhaps not as strong as they might imagine. As so much of the choices they make around what mathematics is, are shaped by their environment – see essential reference to ‘The Devil wears Prada’ below in the slide.

Drawing out some of the ‘social efficiency’ model, of checklists, time cards and punch cards, that inform and shape the mathematics class. We see the echoes of schooling that prepares students to be factory workers. 

Did you know, this line of thinking produced a model of A-E grading taken from the grading of wood and cattle (A-grade Wagyu beef anyone?) that has survived until the present day (I certainly didn’t!). 

Whilst we can always see our growing awareness and knowledge as being linear – the old, perhaps seminal, like the fluid, ideas tend to stick for longer than we like. 

It is important that we keep trying to unpick these dominant practices and beliefs so that we can look to the newer ideas and a clear future. 

Going forward meaningfully requires picking through our unconsidered knowledge – our ideologies – so that we can start to do better.

Rebecca’s session was a powerful reminder of why this must be the way forward. 

Capturing the voice of primary school students with autism regarding their inclusion experiences in mainstream schools: A systematic literature review

This post is by Margaret Lovell, UniSA

Budur Alamrani, a PhD candidate at UniSAs Centre for Research in Educational and Social Inclusion, presented, a clear and succinct description of a systematic literature review undertaken by the candidate. 

It began with an important overview of the terminology debate and critique of language within autism communities,and) outlined the “dilemma between inclusive education policies and practice”. Exclusion occurs at much higher rates for students living with “disability”, with students on the autism spectrum especially vulnerable. Budur spoke of the importance of critique of the literature requiring a systematic approach to analysis of the field – clearly driven by the need for amplifying the voices of primary students on the autism spectrum and the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the literature review adhered to this essential tenet.

Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis was utilised to uncover key findings which Budur has begun to group into “overarching themes” of “enablers and challenges in inclusive mainstream schools”:

·       Peer interactions and relationships

·       Schools’ physical and sensory spaces

·       Learning and academic experiences

·       The interplay of inclusion experiences, students’ self-concepts, belonging, and emotional wellbeing

Budur utilised direct quotes from students on the autism spectrum from the limited literature meeting the SLR inclusion criteria of students’ voices in the article.  

The presentation highlighted the need for research centring lived experiences of students on the autism spectrum with a significant gap in the literature that focuses on first person perspectives from students. It was clear that, although lived experiences are shaped by complex interplay of factors, mainstream exclusionary practices can limit sense of belonging and social participation particularly for students on the autism spectrum.

Intentional teaching outdoors: Exploring early childhood teacher’s decision-making in outdoor learning environments

This post is by Rasnaam Kaur, National Institute of Education, Singapore

Mia Chen from Swinburne University of Technology used an interpretative phenomenological analysis with intrapersonal, interpersonal and organisational planes of analysis. In her presentation, she explored teacher’s perceptions and enactments of intentional teaching.

As educators, researchers and policymakers, we understand the importance of intentionality, but how do we operationalise or ensure to engage in it truly and ongoingly? Are teachers engaging in intentional actions or are they able to connect them to intentional teaching?

Intentional teaching pedagogies may not always be visible or observable. For instance, two educators may both step back from children’s play and give them the time and space to engage without interruption. One educator’s rationale might be to observe their actions, learning, what they are trying to figure out, and plan for ways to extend, reflect on or revisit this learning. The other educator may have simply decided to leverage on children being engaged to complete other tasks at hand such as preparing for the next activity. 

Mia proposes an active decision-making process model adapted from the human intentional action model of goal, action and perceptual monitoring.

Findings revealed that educators were able to express their intentionality clearly, including their reasoning behind their actions and decisions. However, these were not always directly connected to children’s holistic learning and development (knowledge, skills, dispositions).  

Teachers placed an emphasis on i) providing resources and creating learning environments to provide opportunities for children to lead play and observe learning and development that would emerge organically, ii) children’s interest to foster exploration, iii) prioritisation of safety and supervision and iv) observation, evaluation and reflection was focused on documentation or evidence for families.

One teacher shared, ‘Planning for intentional teaching is rare, we make intentional decisions but don’t always know what will come of it’. So how do we foster ongoing intentionality? How can we support teachers in connecting their definitions and efforts at intentionality, to effective intentional pedagogies?

We need to equip educators with understanding the underpinning rationales and make the intentional decision making process visible for them.

Return to teaching: back on my own terms without the bullshit* 

The freshly minted Dr Ren Perkins (having just completed his PhD) co-presented with Professor Jo Lampert, and to put it plainly, they were back on their bullshit (*as per the title). Exploring teachers who have returned to the profession and taking a strength-based approach to why this might be the case. 

Built out of conversations between Jo and Ren wondering what happened to teachers ‘on a break’ or looking to return to teaching. 

Set against the common theme of the teacher shortage, that had been present across the conference, they discussed the Victorian Governments ‘Teacher re-engagement’ program. This is just one of many programs that take the same approach, in short of throwing money at the problem. 

In a time where teachers out of the classroom are getting cold calls to return to teaching. They looked at discussions of agency, renewal and transformation. 

Or bluntly, teachers were happy to return to teaching if they could do so ‘without the bullshit’ (BS for short from here on out) . Open conversations with teachers who have returned to teaching, who were loving it. 

The BS includes, but perhaps are not limited to: bullying; the emotional load; an out of balance work / life; marking; shifting principal expectations; access to professional learning 

There was mention of ‘flipping the system’ to better support Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander teachers, and rethinking the broader system. Also approaching teaching perhaps with a different emphasis as a means of survival and thriving upon returning. 

A novel and open-minded approach to hearing from teachers not currently teaching and what we might learn from them in an ongoing way. 

Multiple temporalities

Outgoing AARE president Julie McLeod – an excerpt from her keynote: “Time and time again: history, memory and the temporalities of education research”

One notion that has been influential and stayed with me is that of ‘multiple temporalities’
– I find its straightforwardness valuable for understanding the interlocking and contingent
layers of time – of ecological time, of historical time and biographical time. It stands in
contrast to formulations of particular eras as characterised by a particular or single
‘temporal regime’ or ‘temporal ontology’. Helge Jordheim writes that ‘‘it might be more
useful to imagine different temporalities existing in a plane, as parallel lines, paths, tracks,
or courses, zigzagging, sometimes touching or even crossing one another, but all equally
visible, tangible, and with direct consequences for our lives’.

From imperatives to build stronger education futures to laments about a lost era of more
socially critical schooling or tougher standards and better spelling, the field of education
research is characterised by intersecting and mobile ‘multiple temporalities’.

These criss-cross and shape not only subjective and collective experiences of education, but also how
the field of education itself is defined and marked by these movements.

Themes of change and continuity, disruption and stability, and old and new times are part
and parcel of educational discourse; the conference theme itself speaks to the coupling of
education and change- and the full collection of Presidential lectures gives a good sense of
the longstanding extent to which this dynamic is central to the project of education.

One example of how these dynamics are being rearticulated/re-oriented in the present is
important recent work addressing questions of ‘repair’ of the past, of re-imagining the
future in terms of taking care of past wrongs, such as Arathi Sriprakash’s work on
reparative futures of education, that asks how might collective recognition of past and
present injustices help us imagine ‘reparative futures’ of education? What does reparation
in education look like? or Matthew Keynes’ work on on truth commissions and transitional
justice, the ways in which education and colonialist endeavours are interconnected.

It is not simply that these legacies live on – and that we just observe, note and regret past
wrongs – but to take responsibility, to take actions of redress and repair, now and into the
future.

These examples alone, along with considerable work on education and the climate
emergency, – among others – show how reckoning with the past in the present is no mere
conceptual conceit but an urgent task – future generations are inheriting the knowing
carelessness and injuries of collective past actions/inactions. Mike Savage on temporal ontologies – where to place: in terms of how it is remembered, the histories and stories we tell about it, the
periodisations, as well as the ‘temporal ontologies’ as Savage writes.

There’s a type of future scenario with which we are familiar, where the present is more or
less repeated, just a better model, in which we become our best selves; fine-tuned and
improved, where there are better outcomes for all, economic prosperity reigns, and
governments and institutions become ever more inclusive and fairer; a happy progressivist
daydream, but the future now is entering a space of unpredictable predictions and a sense
of rupture (while a standard trope) has taken on a visceral, life threatening urgency.

Since 2021, the journal History and Theory has been running a series of papers on the
theme of Historical Futures. Historical Futures refers to ‘the plurality of transitional relations between apprehensions of the past and anticipated futures’. ‘History connects past and future in various ways, making apparent a basic dialectical relation between the two categories. In modern historical understanding, the future is typically fashioned by the conditions and constraints of the past,
though the past is also continuously shaped by the future.’

Put differently, our concept of the past derives from our ideas about the future;
without a concept of the future, history as we know it is not possible.

Symposium: Design as method & pedagogy: Exploring ways of knowing, being and becoming

This post is by Lauren Knussen, University of Wollongong

This symposium presented research focused on the notion of design as method and pedagogy for developing critical thought through action (and agency) in education spaces. The session included presentations from a collective of social science researchers working in the Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage CABAH).

The symposium began with an introduction to the work of CABAH and how the researchers began to conceptualise the development of education research in a science-focused centre. Shirley Agostinho and Lauren Knussen spoke about their previous work on teachers as designers and how their research shows that teachers engage in design thinking, demonstrating design expertise, when they develop learning experiences for their students.

Martin Potter from Deakin University presented his work in creating a multi-media planetarium show depicting four key research stories from CABAH, which place Country and local indigenous communities at their centre. This award-winning show has been used as a stimulus for education design research conducted by Martin’s fellow presenters.

Peter Andersen and Lauren Knussen then presented their research focused on student-teacher co-design of action-oriented learning experiences which integrate current scientific research on climate change for Year 10 Geography. They showed the impact on students and teachers collaborating on the design of the unit of work, and on the students who were taught the learning experiences, demonstrating that the process supported students to feel they had the capacity to take action locally to care for the environment around them.

Anthony McKnight and Tiffani Apps then presented their work with primary students on taking care of Country. They reported on a process of taking students to observe what is happening on Country and supporting them to talk about their interpretations of Country and how they can take care of the world around them. They explained that the young participants were very much present when learning on Country and were not constrained by ideas of identity and difference.

The symposium concluded with a yarning circle led by Anthony McKnight, as all presenters and audience members gathered in a circle formation to talk about their ideas of respect and how that can relate to learning from and taking care of Country.

Working within, through and in between affective intensities: An ARC PhD exploration of one teacher’s practice

This blog is by Stef Rozitis, UniSA

Mikayla King is a Kalkadoon and Dutch woman who was born on and grew up on Whadjuk Country of the Noongar nation. She draws on considerable experience as a teacher before she turned to research.

King has used critical ethnography and action research with teachers in a school in a low-socioeconomic community to explore the potential of schools to become culturally responsive, allowing their affective environments to move to respond better to the needs of students. Her project draws heavily on Massumi’s notion of “affect”.

For this conference paper, King narrows in to focus on “Paris”, one of the participants, a non-Aboriginal teacher working in Creative Disciplines at King’s research site. Paris’ work with a year 8-9 class of culturally diverse students, about half of whom were Aboriginal was followed by Paris and King reflecting together on her capacity to engage a class she initially viewed as very challenging. This involved Paris drawing on Critically Responsive Pedagogy and engaging in a pedagogical redesign which would put in place a CRP key idea, making her teaching strongly connected to students life worlds, while enabling each student to find their own voice.

King uses a vignette of Paris’ reflective work, as well as a vignette of a pedagogical encounter between Paris and one of her students, an Aboriginal boy King names, Jake. Even though at first sight this pedagogical encounter could be read as a failure to engage a difficult student, King shows how humanising trust can be enacted by a teacher with a strengths-based focus: to respond, remove the need for resistance, and work on building a better affective environment that would allow the student to engage with agency. Paris is portrayed as using a range of pedagogical strategies such as “nudging” and both verbal and non-verbal communication as well as patience. This work has significant potential to speak back against narrowing and intensifying ways of working that are leaving many students behind.

King’s scholarship as part of the larger ARC research project on Culturally Responsive Schooling is exciting in focussing on the real everyday work of teachers and seeks to build their confidence and capacity to respond to Aboriginal students and anyone else who requires a more welcoming affective environment in the classroom.

Vox pops*

‘Little things’: Evidence for-and-with culturally responsive pedagogical activism 

This blog is by Stef Rozitis, UniSA

In her presentation, Samantha Schulz considered  how a primary school teacher, “Sarah” generated classroom-level activism using Culturally Responsive Pedagogy (CRP). This work happened in the context of Evidence Based Learning (EBL) and The Australian Government’s (2023) Strong Beginnings report which attempts to address the crisis of teacher attrition and supposed drop in the performance of students. Schulz was critical of the capacity for Strong Beginnings and EBL to respond to the complex engagement and learning needs in schools.

As part of this Schulz explained that CRP is sometimes taken up overly simplistically. It cannot become a checklist or a set of steps to follow (death by suffocation) but also can’t be left completely nebulous and under-prescribed (death by disintegration). CRP when it works is contextual, relational, uses and leads to grassroots political agency and involves discomfort, creativity, risk and experimentation. It is multi-modal, and complex.

At this point Schulz turned to her case study: Sarah, a “nice, white teacher”. Schulz used this term in recognition of stereotypes around who teaches and how they are often positioned. Sarah was teaching year 5s and 6s in the context of the “voice referendum”.  She voiced some misgivings over the political nature of teaching about current events. In response Schulz made the point that the teacher is not “making” the students political but is engaging in an experiment that allows lively thinking.

Sarah used a song,  Ziggy Ramo’s – Little Things.  She talked with the students about the song, its history, lyrics, the events to which it refers and a letter-writing portal for students to share their feelings about this learning. This allowed both positive and resistant engagement by students. The students next investigated what their parents knew about history, politics, and the Voice referendum. They discussed the gaps in their parents’ knowledge and effectively students developed their own teacher identities toward their parents and then also other classes and the whole school community. This became self-sustaining with teachers allowing students to lead their own continued learning.

A lively discussion with everyone in the room followed where the audience noticed the agency of students as activists, teachers of their parents and social agents who do not need spoon-feeding but are able to engage with ‘discomforting’ knowledge and  become public intellectuals in ‘little publics’ (Hickey-Moody, 2016). Schulz concluded her presentation with a reminder not to underestimate teachers as well as students.

Day Three (counting the pre conference day), December 3, 2024.

We will update here during the day so please bookmark this page. Want to contribute? Contact jenna@aare.edu.au

Our EduResearch Matters social accounts are:

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Housing affordability and the teacher shortage

This post is by Scott Eacott, UNSW

As part of a symposium on geospatial analysis in education, I introduced the Housing Affordability and the Teacher Shortage (HATS) dashboard.

Developed in collaboration with Small Multiples, and powered by Domain Insights, the HATS dashboard aims to highlight the intersection of school education workforce stress and housing affordability at scale and over time. It uses large-scale administrative data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Australian Curriculum Assessment and Reporting Authority (ACARA), and Australian Property Monitors (APM), and standard metrics of affordability such as Demographia housing affordability ratings, and the threshold levels used by the Rental Affordability Index (RAI) published by National Shelter, Community Sector Banking, Brotherhood St Laurence, and SGS Economics & Planning.

The dashboard enables users to toggle between renting or buying, units or houses, and for graduate or top-of-the-scale teacher salaries over the period 2011-2023 (with annual updates planned), at the Statistical Area 3 level. In doing so, it is not limited to any one sector or state / territory. 

It is important to note that the HATS team recognises the complexity of housing affordability and school education workforce issues, and that the dashboard provides best estimates based on the data available and it is only one source of information to inform ongoing debates. At the same time, it is a useful conversation starter for looking at longitudinal trends in median sales and rental costs for the teacher workforce. As teacher salaries struggle to keep pace with housing costs, and the availability and quality of teacher housing remains problematic, tools like the HATS dashboard can help government, stakeholders, systems, and educators to better understand how best to meet the needs of the profession.

An exploration of the use of AI-embedded Augmented Reality Glasses on primary student learning experiences

This blog is by Steven Kolber, University of Melbourne

Presenters: Gretchen Geng, Flinders University; Amanda Telford, Australian Catholic University; Kathy Green, Australian Catholic University; Yue Zhu, Zhejiang Normal University; Ningqing Liang, Hangzhou Lingban Technology Co., Ltd (ROKID); Zhou Yueliang, Zhejiang Normal University

Gretchen presented on a large collaborative research study which will continue to develop over the coming years. Flinders University, ACU and Rokid are collaborating to make this an ongoing reality. 

The distinction between AR: Augmented Reality, where additional information is overlaid onto a view of the real world.

VR: Virtual Reality is where a person is consumed by the focus of a virtual reality, and they are disconnected from the ‘real world’. 

VR is not ideal for young students, because that cannot clearly differentiate between the real and the virtual worlds at such a young age. AR however can be used as a learning tool as students are still engaged with their lived reality. 

Students might be bored by, say dinosaur fossils in a museum, but through AR goggles they might actually begin to see what these dinosaurs looked like when they were alive. And make the space of a museum more engaging through this new emerging technology. AI allows for communication with the goggles themselves as a possibility for further learning avenues. 

Using seven primary school teachers from two schools, researchers and teachers co-designed lesson plans to suit their student cohorts. Students are able to interact with the virtual world through different types of ‘embodiment’, such as grabbing and grasping virtual objects. The question being explored is whether these embodiments are different to those accessible via say an iPad or laptop. 

Teachers and students were learning alongside one another, and the goggles can be linked to a TV at the front of the class so that the remainder of the class can follow along with. 

Another project looked at ‘smart dinosaurs’ where 100, year 1 and 2 primary students completed drawings before and after an AR learning experience. For example, the vast majority of students will draw a T-Rex as though they are the only example possible of a dinosaur. They learnt about the size of dinosaurs in comparison to themselves and of the diversity of these dinosaurs as a small example. 

As you can already picture, this makes the classroom quite a different space, where students are engaged and excited about the interactive elements of this type of learning. 

Courageous and collaborative. Above all, hopeful

Navigating Hope and Challenge: Leadership for Pacific Learners and Schools in Crisis

Presenters: Tufulasi Taleni and Mohini Devi

The following post is written by Mark LaVenia, University of Canterbury

The Conch’s Call: Leadership for Change

A resounding horn filled the room, its vibrations unmistakable—a call to action, unity, and reflection. This was the Foafoa, the sacred conch shell, heralding the start of Tufulasi Taleni’s presentation at the Australian Association for Research in Education conference. The conch, conceptualised by Tufulasi as the “Caller of Hope,” symbolises connection—bringing people together to address urgent and profound matters that impact the health, safety and wellbeing of the community. Tufulasi, a trailblazer in Pacific education from the University of Canterbury, invoked its sound to frame the session on educational leadership, shared with Mohini Devi of the University of Fiji.

Both presentations highlighted the transformative potential of leadership, with Tufulasi advocating for culturally grounded, proactive approaches and Mohini reflecting on the challenges of leadership in the face of natural disasters. Together, they offered a powerful exploration of how leadership can either empower communities or leave them adrift.

Untangling the Tangled Net: Tufulasi Taleni’s Vision

Tufulasi drew from his Samoan heritage and decades of experience to present a framework for leadership grounded in Pacific cultural values. His Soalaupulega Samoa Theory (SST) is inspired by the traditional Samoan practice of Matai (chiefs) collaborating to solve community challenges. It is both culturally rigorous and solutions-focused, tackling the systemic barriers that hinder Pacific learners’ engagement and achievement.

Using the metaphor of a tangled fishing net—complex, laborious, yet vital— Tufulasi explained the urgent need to untangle the educational challenges facing Pacific students in New Zealand. These include cultural disconnection, systemic inequities, and the erasure of Indigenous knowledge. Effective leadership, he argued, is relational, optimistic, and visionary. Leaders must “lead from the front,” nurturing new leadership while aligning school cultures with the identities and aspirations of Pacific learners.

Timidity in the Face of Crisis: Mohini Devi’s Findings

In contrast, Mohini Devi’s research examined the preparedness and responses of school leaders in Fiji to natural disasters. Through interviews with leaders across diverse settings, she painted a picture of unpreparedness and systemic constraints. Leaders often lacked comprehensive disaster plans, adequate resources, and the confidence to act autonomously, leaving them reliant on government directives.

Mohini’s findings revealed a troubling timidity—a reluctance to step outside comfort zones or take risks on behalf of their communities. The cascading effects of disasters, compounded by emotional and psychological tolls, highlighted the critical need for resilience, communication, and proactive leadership.

Leadership at a Crossroads: Hope or Hesitation?

The two presentations, though focused on different contexts, converged on a crucial point: leadership matters. Tufulasi’s framework embodies strong, culturally rooted leadership that prioritises community wellbeing and educational equity. Mohini’s study, on the other hand, underscored the consequences of a leadership void—where inaction and dependence on external authorities stifle progress.

Together, they prompt a reflection: How can leaders move beyond timidity to embrace their role as navigators of hope and change? As Tufulasi’s metaphor of the Foafoa reminds us, leadership is not merely about directing—it is about connecting, uplifting, and transforming.

Closing Reflection

The session left attendees with a resounding challenge: to reimagine leadership as a deeply relational, proactive force capable of addressing the tangled nets of systemic inequities and crises. Tufulasi’s call to action was clear—leaders must draw from cultural strengths and navigate with purpose.

For the Pacific and beyond, the path forward lies in leadership that is courageous, collaborative, and, above all, hopeful.

Symposium – AI system development and validation for educational and career pathways

This post is by Ben Zunica, University of Sydney

Jihyun Lee and Ali Darejeh outlined two projects they are working on that are centred around generative AI for advising students on their career pathways for students from Year 10 at school to University course selection and subsequent work places.

The authors have developed AI learning systems to support student career advising for high school students, as they are often unaware of their passions and the range of available options that are open to them. This learning system uses a combination of technology including Python and ChatGPT-4o-mini. The AI would help guide them to choices that are aligned to their aptitudes, interests and values. It is also anticipated that the AI system will provide a more personalised service than traditional online job quizzes.

The system was tested with 20 participants aged 18 – 25 years of age. Participants reported that the AI support system was well received and was superior to online job quizzes. 

The presenters went forward to discuss their second project, using AI to predict student admission to medical school, which was developed using what previous research suggests is most pertinent to the outcome of admission. They showed a video demonstration where the user inputs data and then predicts whether they would get into medical school and then gives the user feedback on how they can strengthen their application. They tested on past applicants who were accepted and rejected. Findings showed that the participants who used the system enjoyed using it and found it was helpful in advising them on whether medical school is an option for them.

There are some limitations which include the small number of participants and the difficulty in developing prediction systems, as humans are unpredictable and statistical prediction is very challenging.

This presentation showed the ability of generative AI in helping students at high school and university find career paths that are open to them and fit their particular tastes.

From hip-hop to the Barrier Reef – culturally and linguistically diverse education

This post is by Mutuota Kigotho, University of New England

Gabrielle Morin presented her research on sex education in New Zealand. The research used decolonial methodologies to investigate how sex education fitted within the curriculum in New Zealand. Students found the method responsive to the content being taught. Other methods used included the use of hip-hop to access content.

Mutuota Kigotho presented on ways in which Tim Winton has used fiction to sensitize readers about the Australian landscape, Australian lingo and Australian history. Tim Winton also presents his work that addresses environmental protection, saving the Great Barrier Reef, the Ningaloo Reef, as well as getting Australians to stop dangerous activities such as coal mining in Australia. Tim Winton has shifted his focus to making documentaries to pass his message. Artists need to do more to save the world from the damage inflicted on the country by big multinational entities.

Radha Iyer has used the theory of Practice Architectures to work with her Cultural and Linguistically Diverse students at Queensland University of Technology. She has found that students are more comfortable when content is presented in discourses that are culturally acceptable and in a language that is tailored to assist them particularly when they have only recently arrived in Australia. Some say that terms such as ‘pedagogy’ are new to them and yet lecturers may take such matters for granted.   

Blak Out Tuesday

What does school reform in the best interests of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children look like? Sustained whole-school change in schools

The following post is written by Naomi Barnes, QUT

Kevin Lowe, a Gubbi Gubbi man from southeast Queensland, professor and Scientia Indigenous Fellow at UNSW, got a standing ovation for his Blak Out Tuesday keynote. Blak Out Tuesday is where AARE showcases Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander excellence in education research.

Lowe’s keynote address comes after more than 40 years of disappointment with the lack of progress across all education systems to effectively enhance educational quality and engagement for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students. 

While policy failure is pervasive, there is no shortage of evidence about what could improve Indigenous educational attainment. Lowe explains that he is not ever going to say anything new but that he is repeating what has always been known. It is not like Indigenous people are asking for something unusual. Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people want to read and write, find success and access the resources that enables them to have a happy life. That is not asking for too much. 

Lowe asserted that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people also need representation in schools and administrative roles – ‘to have black faces in the schools working with us and alongside us’. 

Statistics of attainment for Indigenous children in Australian schooling have always been a failure of promise. The failure of the Closing the Gap promise is a $40+ billion failure. Where has that money gone? How could taxpayers in this country allow this to happen?

Lowe, a great believer in research (but what research for who and how?), took us through his career of working to improve outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander education. He has seen lots of success, but they all fell over because once success was shown, the money was withdrawn and given to another program. Despite this policy funding failure, Lowe noted 5 things common to all successful programs. None of them are new:

• Genuine engagement and acknowledgement of community
• Teachers using impactful practices that are culturally responsive, relational and engaging
• Student identity, language, culture agency and well-being is valued
• Active and shared leadership in teaching and learning 
• Value Indigenous knowledge in curriculum and pedagogy

This is complex work. It is not easy. There is no silver bullet because the work of being a teacher of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children is undoing centuries of policy which has isolated Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children from the school system. The core element of this moral and social enterprise is to support the development of collaborative relationships between teachers, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students, families, and communities.

Culturally nourishing schools research points to solutions, and in particular, the need to affect systemic and school change, coupled with local relationships and educational governance to form the foundation of a more equitable and responsive education system- one that nurtures the potential of every student and speaks directly to the aspirations of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.

Vox pops*

Stephanie Milford, PhD student, Edith Cowan University (pictured, left), spoke to AARE’s roving interviewer Margaret Jakovac, PhD student from Deakin University. Margaret is around the conference talking to people. Here’s our first one.

*Vox pops are on-the-spot interviews.

What did you take from the pre-conference keynote presentation about generative artificial intelligence (AI)?

“I remember attending the AARE 2022 conference and the buzz around the then new generative AI called ChatGPT. Now, I use it for my PhD in small ways. For example, I use R for computer programing and when there’s an issue, I just put my code in ChatGPT and it will find the missing apostrophe that would have taken me half an hour to find.

“The gen AI presentation provoked critiques about the role of AI for us educators. I’m all for AI, but it has to be used ethically.

“I try to get my students [at university] to self-reflect just subtly when I think they’re using AI. I’ll say, ‘if you have used AI, it’s essential to put in a reference’.  Or I ask them if their assignment they’ve handed in is how they normally write.

“These issues in a way link to my PhD research, which was embedded in digital literacy – parental mediation of device use in children. Parents face conflicting messages: Health advice is antiquated and talks about restricting screen time, taking a harm minimisation approach. But what are students using digital technology for in schools and at home – it can be for productive time. There’s a need for consistent and non-judgmental advice for parents. Maybe for educators and those who educate pre-service teachers, too.”

Structurally adjusted: An analysis of the Mongolia education policies on teachers following the transition to democracy

This post is by Jason van Tol, University of Technology Sydney

Key takeaway points for me from this presentation by Usukhbold Chimegregzen were that while Mongolia was a state socialist country based on subsistence agriculture and animal husbandry from 1921-1990, it implemented ‘democratic’ reforms from 1990 onwards, based on conditions of loans taken from the IMF, World Bank, and Asian Development Bank (ADB). These conditions addressed all facets of social and economic life, including education. One of the effects of these reforms, or “structural adjustments”, was that 30% of the most senior teachers, amounting to 8000 teachers, were “eliminated” (ADB’s term) from the workforce to pave the way for the indoctrination of a new wave of young teachers to implement the new ‘democratic’ reforms, leading to vast increases in inequality, deprofessionalising teaching, and fomenting competition, both in schools and the wider society. Change in economic activity is that Mongolia’s economy is now geared towards exporting copper and coal, primarily to China and Japan. If Mongolians speak out about these ‘democratic’ reforms, they are labelled ‘communists’.

Reflecting on this presentation a few thoughts came to mind:

• The centrality and power of economic institutions (what Michael Hudson calls ‘finance imperialism’)
• The close relationship between education (i.e. schools and universities) and the economy.
• The use of political terms in transparently ideological ways to promote one set of interests (usually corporate ones) and to denigrate others (the common good). While a prima facie view may be that we in Australia are independent of this system of political economy in the Global South, as Jason Hickel has bluntly put it: accumulation in the core depends on dispossession in the periphery. 

Finally, I’m thinking of Gert Biesta’s concept of ‘world-centered education’ and that nothing, at all, should be considered ‘off limits’ in education: if we are to understand the world, we must understand and teach about it in its totality. 

Making educational change with silent dialogues and methodological intimacy 

The following post is written by Junn Kato, PhD candidate, QUT

A Monday afternoon workshop conducted by Dr Sarah Crinall, Professor Mirka Koro, Associate Professor Jill Fielding, Dr Adele Nye, Professor Jennifer Charteris and Dr Angela Molloy Murphy invited participants to be silent on entry to a series of opportunities for entanglements arranged into stations around the workshop space. Drawing on feminist new materialisms, each opportunity offered an entanglement with not only creative materials of beads, wool, glue, lace, paper, texts, images, paints, but also matters of classroom learning and socially just practices as well as matters of social justice. Without a word being spoken, participants were guided, encouraged, playfully provoked and taught through patient and careful demonstrations, as well as opportunities to ponder with things. The multiplicative nature of the workshop meant that there is no single account that could contain or even summarise everything that occurred as a result, so I will simply share a couple of my entanglements and what they taught me.

I initially engaged with a station which drew attention to the terrible price paid by Palestinian children trapped in the Israel-Palestine conflict. The overwhelming volume of names printed on sheets took on more staggering proportions when activities for threading individual beads onto a string to form names, slowed down letters as they slid into place.

Sarah Crinall saw me stuck on this task, and offered a new provocation. A phone in a mug was placed in front of me, showing Mirka Koro on a Zoom call somewhere outside the room. Mirka very patiently guided me wordlessly and remotely through a weaving task I did not master, and I revisited my entanglements with young people who spent time on tasks they did not master. Perhaps I need to do things I find difficult, so I can remember how it feels to struggle, and in remembering, through my own practice, provide better care for those who struggle? At the edge of my peripheral vision, I was aware of colleagues’ becomings-with, their assemblages of texts and text leaving trails of doings, feelings, thinkings and beings across the walls of the room.

In my own research, I have adopted complex materialities as theoretical positions to trace the work of care. Yet this afternoon, applied as pedagogies, I learned how as material practices, these same ideas can be directly applied to produce a generosity in teaching that is about more, not less.